This research is not only able to adequately explain the form and hierarchy of penal subcultures, and the differentiated strategies offered by the various racial, class and gender groups to ‘surviving’ prisons, but also shows how in-prison adaptations affect the construction of post-prison identities and behaviours. While the article traces the gang’s emergence to its marginality in both the mainstream and illegitimate societies, the persistence of Omega beyond prisons is also shown to lie in its capacity to be remodelled for the street where the gang operates on an equal footing with the historically entrenched Chinese Secret Societies in the illicit economy. This article attempts to better contextualise the theoretical and empirical connections between pre-prison orientation of prisoners and their subsequent adaption and subjective experiences of imprisonment using the case study of Omega, a racial minority gang in the Singapore prisons. Thus, it is high time for the government and the legislative body of the Philippine government to improve the quality of correctional facilities, the following may be considered: the installation of high technology, construction of new and standard correctional facilities, and quick rehabilitation of old, outdated, or destroyed jails, allocation of budget or appropriations to enable the employment of more staff/personnel, and limiting the number of inmates in a prison cell. This study concluded that the problems and challenges encountered by the correctional wardens in handling persons deprived of liberty (inmates) and in managing the jail facilities affected their roles and responsibilities in improving the conditions in the correctional facilities such as in the implementation of the reformation process of the PDLs, peace, and order within the facility, and in securing the safety of the personnel and the community. The themes reflect the participants' experiences on the conditions of correctional facilities and their viewpoint on quality correction such as erosion in conformity with the rules, scarcity of resources critical to jail services, the perils of poor staffing, freedom from congestion, infrastructure development, technology in correction, lifelong attempt for improvement and character development. The study focused on 10 jail wardens from correctional facilities in the provinces of Zamboanga del Norte and Zamboanga del Sur, Philippines. A qualitative study with a transcendental phenomenological research design was used.
The study explored the perspective and experiences of jail wardens in managing jail facilities in the Philippines for the calendar year 2019. Of pangkats to jail administration given the lack of current reform strategies forĪddressing structural and institutional deficiencies. Theories for understanding incarcerated populations and the formal integration Policy are advanced, including the continued application of traditional criminological In light of these findings, several implications for future research and Traditional models of inmate adjustment, namely, deprivation, importation, and coping Themes are situated within a modified general strain framework, which integrates Support, and desire to maintain their preprison identity. In contrast, those who remain unaffiliatedĭo so given their negative perceptions of the pangkat, sufficient access to social
Pangkats to ensure their safety and survival. The first in-depth analysis of the factors associated with pangkat (prison gangs) and Overcrowded and underresourced jail in Metro Manila, Philippines, this study presents Utilizing intensive interview and observational data from inmates in one of the most
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